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英文合同常用词汇

随着我国经济、文化日益发展与交流,九重歌武汉翻译公司的合同的翻译量也不断增加,涉及到的合同翻译有基础建设项目的设计、施工等方面的翻译,还有电子产品、互联网等技术产品项目的翻译及外贸方面的翻译,为了让大家在翻译过程中使用方便,九重歌武汉翻译公司针对英文合同方面的专业词汇和术语做以下归类,仅供译者参考。

第一节 合同常用词(Usual Wording)

当大量接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍:

一、英文合同常用虚词(Usual Function Words

1Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词

基本规则:Here 代表 thisthere 代表 thatwhere 代表 which what here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or what

Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此,由此,兹等意。

例句:The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following

conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品,条件如下:

Hereinin this。此中,于此。

例句:The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。

Hereinafter: later in the same Contract.  以下,在下文。通常与  to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。

This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between

_____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于__________日由_____(以下简称甲方)为一方,与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。

Hereofof this。关于此点,在本文件中。

Hereunderunder this. 本文件规定。

例句:Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the

application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。

Heretoto this.本文件的。

Thereofof that.它的,其。

Theretoto that 与之,向那里。

例句:Licensed Productsmeans the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品”系指在本协议附件 1 中所述的装置和产品,及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。

Herewithwith this.与此,附此。

Therebyby that means.因此,由此,从而

例句:In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in

connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.   

如果根据现行法律,本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行,本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。

 

Thereafter: after thatafterwards. 此后

例句:The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period of two years thereafter.  本合作经营企业合同,此后应持续有效两年。

 

Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里;在那点上;在那方面。

例句:The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantially completed.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时,该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。

 

Therewithwith that.以此;此外。

例句:The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same and against and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising there out or in connection therewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用,不论因本合同产生或与其相关,并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。

 

Whereby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议,凭此条款等。

例句:This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enter into the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below:  本协议由 AA 公司(以下简称甲方)和 BB 公司(以下简称乙方)签订。双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。(本句中省略未译)

 

2.  WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All

Men by these presentsIn witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.

 

WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore 用于英文合同前言部分,In witness Whereof 用于合同结尾证明部分,在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及,恕不赘述。

 

In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此为证,特立此证。

例句:In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _____ (date) accepted on _____(date).我方于______日签署本文件,并于______日接受该文件,特此为证。

 

NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于 WHEREAS 条款之后引出具体协议事项。

例句:  NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows: 兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:

 

KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件,特此宣布。(通常用于前言部分)

例句:KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_____(banks name)having our registered office at

______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _____(the Owner’s name)(hereinafter called the Owner”) in the sum of ____ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by these presents.根据本文件,兹宣布,我行,(银行名称),其注册地点在(以下简称本银行)向(业主名称)(以下简称本业主)立约担保支付(金额数)的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。

Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词 the,是指文件签署者的自称。

 

例句:The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:   兹经签约的买卖双方同意,按下列条款,达成这笔交易。

 

3.  Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使,尽管。

1Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.即使有与本合同相悖的规定,保险范围和责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。

 

2:  Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as is reasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing.  尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定,如果上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃,合同各方亦可根据具体情况,约定合理延长合同的期满日。

 

4As 合同英语中 as 出现的频率极高,而且用法灵活多变,是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲,as 使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例:

 

As 放在代表规定的 providestipulateset forthprescribe 等词的过去分词前,含义为“依照某某规定”。

 

1For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.基于此,应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。

 

2based on their respective Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof.  基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。

 

另有 Except as otherwise provided 结构,表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。

例句:Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall be deemed received 8 days after they have been sent and notices or demands sent by telex shall be deemed received at the time of the dispatch thereof.除非本合同另有规定,所有通知和请求以航空挂号信寄出则发出后 8 日应视为送达收悉,以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。

 

As 构成 as the case may be(视具体情况而定),  as the case may require(视具体要求而定)和 as the Venturers may determine 等短语。

 

例句:The Venture may relocate its office from time to time or have additional offices as the Venturers may determine.该合资公司视投资者决策,可随时迁址或增添营业场所。

 

As 构成 as of the date of ____ (date) 短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。

例句:In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written. 合同双方签订本文件,该文件自以上书就日期即时生效,特此为证。

 

As 还用在 as soon as practical 短语中,意义用法相当于 as soon as possible.

例句:During the Employment Period, the Company agrees that it shall recommend to the Board the election of the Employee as a Director of the Company on the Commencement Date or as soon as practical thereafter. 本公司同意在聘用期间,应自本协议开始或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。

 

As such 连用是英文合同中一大特色,参看本书第二章第三节部分,在此不在赘述。

 

5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question

Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned 一族,一般放在名词前作限定,意为“前述的”或“上述的”,为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称。

 

1The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Interest Rate in effect from time to time in accordance with the foregoing sentence.本银行将根据前述的句子以书面或电传形式随时及时通知借款方生效的利率。

 

2The contract shall be written in Chinese and in ____________. Both language versions are equally authentic.   In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.本合同应以中文和_文书就,具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异,以中文文本为准。

 

In question: under consideration; being talk about.  通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题,可译为“这”或“该”问题。

例句:All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question.买方根据返销或回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格,结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。

 

6. follows, as below, the following

这一族都表示“下列”,一般放在动词后,而 the following 作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是,恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。

NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows;

为此,双方达成契约,约定如下:

 

NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as below.

为此,双方约定如下:

Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows: 兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

 

7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in

compliance with这一族都表示“依照,根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式,自然用的最少了,而“in accordance with”最为常见。

 

例如:In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.如未能达成和解,该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会颁布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。

 

又如:A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract Plant signed by the representatives of both parties as per Chapter 9 of the present Contract.该合同设备的验收证书的影印副本由双方代表按照该合同第九章签收。

 

再如:Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the appendix to the Contract.合同双方应按照本合同附件中载明的项目进行出资。

 

8. Including but not limited to including, without limitation 以及 including by way of illustration but not limitation

英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时,就会用到这几个短语。

 

例如:The time for the performance of the Seller's obligations set forth in this Contract shall be

automatically extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly or indirectly from Force Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake, typhoon, natural catastrophe, and all other contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Seller's reasonable control preventing, hindering or interfering with the performance thereof. 本合同规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件包括但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害和卖方无论怎样也无法合理控制的阻止、妨碍、干扰本合同履行的其他风险和情形。

 

9. prior to, no later than, on or beforeon and after

常用在英文合同中限定日期,prior to 表示“某日之前,提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于”,On and after 表示“从某日起”。

例如:Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September20. 9 2O 日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。

例如:Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.  

我公司的条件是,3 个月内,即不得晚于 5 1 日,支付现金。

 

例如:  Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December.本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于 12 15 日,你方须将货物装船。

 

例如:10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods.装运前10 天到 15 天,买方应以电报或电传方式通知卖方合同编号、装运船名,预计到达时间,装载数量和承运代理商名称,以便能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货物装运。

 

此外,为限定时间更为明确,还常用 inclusiveincluding included,来限定含当日在内的时间。

例如:  This credit expires till January 1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 本证在北京议付,有效期至 1 1 日。如果不包括1 1 日在内,则为 till and not including January 1

 

10.  Without prejudice to

Without prejudice to,常用于英文合同中,表示在“不损害某规定/情况下”。

例如:The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.  不妨害买方索赔权,买方仍有权取消合同的部分或全部。

 

11Attributable to, due to, owing to,   by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account ofconsidering, in consideration of  这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”,其中 due toowing tobecause of 较不正式,很少使用。

 

例如:Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Seller's failure to give the above-mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the Seller shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure.

如果因为卖方未能以电报或电传形式发出上述装运通知,买方不能及时安排保险,则卖方应对此产生的损失和或损害赔偿承担责任。

 

例如:Licensee hereby agrees that its every use of such name shall inure to the benefit of Licensor and that Licensee shall not at any time acquire any rights in such name by virtue of any use it may make of such name.被许可方特此同意该名称的使用应有利于许可方利益且不得在任何时候因利用该名称而取得该名称项下任何权利。

 

例如:Buyer shall have the right to inspect the goods on arrival and, within _______  business days after delivery, buyer must give notice to seller of any claim for damages on account of condition, quality or grade of the goods, and buyer must specify the basis of the claim of buyer in detail.买方应有权在货物运抵及交付后*个营业日内进行检验,买方须通知卖方任何基于货物条件、品质、等级而产生的索赔,并详细说明索赔事由。

 

例如:In view of the personal nature of the services to be performed under this Agreement by you, you cannot assign or transfer any of your obligations under this Agreement. 考虑到本协议项下待你方履行的服务有人身性质,你方不能转让本协议项下你方的任何义务。

 

IN CONSIDERATION OF ……为约因/报酬

约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

例如:Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained, it is hereby agreed: 兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

 

In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.  

乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。

 

12.  In lieu of: 一般出现在英文合同中表示“替代”的意思相当于基础英语中的 in place of, instead of.

例句:In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1,  Party C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to Party B all or part of Party C or New Company’s proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of Party C’s own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.

在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下,丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的全部或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害,但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。

 

13.  In respect ofin respect thereofwith respect toas regards 涉及,至于,在…方面

英文合同中常用 in respect of, in respect thereof with respect to, 表示与本合同/协议/条款有关的问题,比 about, concerning, as regards 正式。

例如:Notwithstanding Clause 16.1, Party B shall not be entitled to claim for itself in respect of any Force Majeure in Clause 16.1. 不管 16 条第一款的规定,乙方无权根据 16 条第一款为其自身提出有关不可抗力的索赔。

例如:Upon the termination of the Existing Letter of Credit and the payment of all amounts (if any) owing in respect thereof, Bank Boston, N.A. shall cease to be an Issuing Bank hereunder.

现有信用证一经期满所有相关应付款项支付(如果有的话)即告终止,北美波士顿银行不再是该信用证项下的开证行。

 

例如:Party C or New Company shall retain all rights with respect to the specifications, plans, drawings and other documents and Party B undertakes not to disclose the same or divulge any information contained therein to any third country without the prior written consent of Party C or New Company.

丙方或新公司应保留有关说明书、计划书、图纸和其他文件的所有权利且乙方应承诺未经丙方或新公司事先书面同意不披露上述文件或泄露上述文件所包含的任何信息给第三国。

 

此外,Pertaining to, pertaining thereto 也表示“涉及,与。。。有关”。

例如:Broker is in the business of brokering real estate loans and engages sales representative to perform services pertaining to such business.

经纪人是在房地产贷款经纪业务中聘用销售代表进行有关该业务的服务。

 

14SAY, ONLY

英文合同为明确金额的数量,小写金额之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,在大写文字前加上SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思为“整”。当然,小写与大写的金额数量要一致。

例如:  Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$600 (SAY SIX HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). 聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 600 元整。

 

15.  In favor ofin ones favor  表示以。。。为受益人。

例如:One original and one copy of the irrevocable letter of guarantee issued by the Licensor's Bank for a sum of 10% of the total price for the technical know-how in favor of the Licensee.

由许可方银行开具以被许可方为受益人,金额为专有技术总价 10%的不可撤销保函正本和副本各一件。

又如:We hereby establish this irrevocable letter of credit in your favor for account of ABC Company in the amount of U. S. $ _______ (amount in words), available against your draft(s) drawn at sight on Credit Bank, N.A., Letter of Credit Department, Los Angeles, California, accompanied by your signed and dated statement as follows:

我行特此开立在 ABC 公司帐上以贵方为受益人总额为美元*(大写金额),凭交加州洛杉玑北美信贷银行信用证部开出的即期汇票付款,附有贵方签字和具名日期声明如下:

但注意 in favor 有时另有它义。

例如:Our goods that we offer you are much in favor in the European Continent.我方向你方报盘的货物,在欧洲大陆颇受好评。(in favor 此处表示受赏识,受好评)

 

16In confirmation of 为确定。。。。。。起见

例如:In confirmation of such subordination, Tenant shall from time to time execute promptly any

certificate that Owner may request.

为确认该从属关系起见,承租人应随时及时签署任何业主可能要求的证书。

 

二、英文合同常见实词(Content Words)

1.  Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee

在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和 warrant 连用,出现在合同的声明保证部分:

 

例如:Both the Seller and the Purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was involved in negotiating this purchase and sale, and both the Seller and the Purchaser agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless against any and all claims for brokerage.

买卖双方保证并声明没有中介介入交易磋商,且保证赔偿对方因中介引起的索赔并使其免受损害。

 

例如:Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract.  根据离岸价格术语,卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内,按买方通知的日期,装运货物至买方指定船只。

 

例如:Party B guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused, sophisticated and of best quality, and that the machines and equipment are capable of manufacturing the steel wire rope.

乙方保证机器设备未经使用,性能良好、品质卓越而且该设备能生产出钢丝绳。

 

2.  Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office

在英文合同中,这几个词的意思分别是:“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。

 

例如:This Contract made on April 1, 19- -, at ______, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at ______, China (hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co. with its principal office at______, USA  (hereinafter called Party B).

本合同于 19**4 1 日于中国***签订,合同双方为 ABC 公司(以下简称甲方),其主营业地位于中国***,和 XYZ 公司(以下简称乙方),其主营业地为美国***

 

例如:If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.

如被特许方承认违约,许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。

 

例如:EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of _________ (month), ____ (year), by and between:  _______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of ____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of _________ (Passport No._____) residing at ________________.

 

本聘用协议订立于***日,协议双方为***(以下本公司),其按*州法律组织设立,注册地为***,和***,自然人,国籍为*国,护照号码为***,住址为***

例如:  The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant.  

本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。

 

3Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph

英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项”分别用 chapter, article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph表示。

例如:The Borrower further irrevocably consents to service of process upon it out of said courts in any such action or proceeding by mailing copies thereof by United Stated registered air mail, postage prepaid, to the Borrower at the address specified in Section 10. 5 hereof.

借款人进一步不可撤消同意上述法院就该事宜诉讼或程序的送达,接受按照本合同第十条第五款指定的借款人地址寄来的美国航空挂号信,邮资已付邮件中的副本。

 

4.  Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the authority to do, do sth. at ones option or/and discretion, be liberty to do

这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。Be entitled to 表示 to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)体现该权利法律上的强制性。Reserve the right to do 表示 to have a specified power of right in law 体现法律上规定的权利。而 be authorized to do, have the authority to do 指经授权而有的权利,至于 do sth. at ones option or/and discretion 则指行为人自主决定的权利。

 

例如:The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.

尽管如此,买方有权撤消合同的全部或部分,概不妨碍买方索赔权之行使。

 

例如:In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1 C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to B all or part of C or New Company's proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of C's own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.

在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下,丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的全部或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害,但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。

 

又如:The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in Clause 3 of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.买方须于销售确认书第三条所规定的日期之前开出本批交易的信用证。否则,售方有权不经通知取消本确认书,或接受买方对本销售确认书未履行的全部或一部分,或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。

 

再如:The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.

甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。

 

5.  Perform, fulfill, execute implement

英文合同表示合同履行时经常用到这几个词,perform 表示 to do what one party is obliged to do by a contract 泛指双方履行合同的各项责任和义务,而 fulfill 表示 to do everything which is promised in acontract 强调合同一方具体履行合同的义务。Execute implement 表示则强调具体实施,execute 也有签约、生效的用法。

 

例如:With respect to the outstanding 180 M/T of low-density polyethylene NY2-11 under Contract No. 79hp-106, we insist that you must open the covering letter of credit the soonest possible to secure the performance of the contract. We hereby would like to call your attention to the fact that the Adviser Inc., who purchased LDPE NY2-11 from us at the same time as you did have fulfilled their commitment under the previous Contract not long after we offered our regulated price and signed a new contract covering substantial quality.

有关第 79hp-106 号合同项下 180 公吨的低密度聚乙烯(NY2-11)未付款项,我方坚持要求贵方尽快开立信用证以保证合同的履行。我方在此提请贵方注意该事实,同时从我公司购买低密度聚乙烯(NY2-11)的 Adviser 公司已经按先前的合同履行完义务,不久后,我方就提供了调整的价格并签订了一份产品品质优良的新合同。

 

例如:Each of the parties to this Agreement shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the transactions contemplated hereby and to fulfill and cause to be fulfilled the conditions to Closing under this Agreement including, without limitation, Parent using reasonable best efforts to obtain the Parent Stockholder Approval at the meeting of Parent''s stockholders scheduled to be held on June 25, 1999 or at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the "June 25 Meeting"). Each party hereto, at the reasonable request of another party hereto, shall execute and deliver such other instruments and do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for effecting completely the consummation of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.

合同任一方应竭尽全力来完成在此预期的交易并按本协议履行或促使交易的成交条件的履行。包括但不限于母公司尽力按日程在 1999 6 25 日召开的母公司股东会或该日期延后或休会期间通过母公司股东批准。本合同一方应在他方合理的要求下,应签署并交付其他文件并切实履行本协议和预期交易完全成就所必需或需要的行为和事宜。

 

例如:All disputes arising in connection with this contract or in the execution thereof, should be settled amicably through negotiations.  所有与合同或合同履行有关的争议,应通过友好协商解决。

 

例如:All expenses of keeping the books and records of the Company and the preparation of financial statements required to implement the provisions of this Agreement or otherwise needed for the conduct of the Company's business shall be borne by the Company.

所有履行本协议规定所要求的或其他本公司经营所需要的保存本公司账册记录和准备财务报表的费用由本公司承担。

 

6.  Abide by, observe, obey, comply with

这几个词在英文合同中都表示“遵守,服从,”的意思。Comply with 的主语通常是 Sth.observeabide by 则的主语通常是 Sb.

 

例如:The delivered equipment shall be installed and tested by Party B and shall fully comply with the technical requirements and processing quality of the contract.

所交付的设备应由乙方安装调试,应完全符合本合同的技术要求和工艺质量。

 

例如:The Contractor shall observe and abide by all applicable laws, rules and regulations in connection with the Work.承包人必须遵守和服从与该工程有关的一切适用法律规章和条例。

 

7. have the legal obligation to do, be obliged to, shall do, be under the obligation to do,

be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for,   

在英文合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。Shall do sth.在第二章英文合同特点时,已经述及,在此不再赘述。其他短语的用法,参看下例:

1The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any

material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.

本公司没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分,出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益,或实现本公司或任一子公司的并购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上事项的协议。

 

2RCII is not under any legal obligation, whether written or oral, to do any of the foregoing. RCII 公司没有任何书面或口头上的法律义务来做以上的任何一项。

 

3:  In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.在危险或有毒货物的情况下,卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

 

Within the time as notified by the Buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the Seller shall be fully liable to the Buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage. 在买方通知的时限内,抵达装运港后,卖方应对买方承担全部责任并对诸如空仓费、延滞费等所有损失和费用负责。

 

The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.卖方对因任何不可抗力事件导致本买卖合同项下整批或部分货物未能交付或延误概不承担责任。

 

8. effect

 

在基础英语中,effect 一般作名词,指效果、影响,英文合同中如:come into effect 表示生效,sth. ineffect 表示生效的法律文件。除了这些基本用法外,effect 还常用作动词表示“实现”、“完成”的意思。例如:This contract shall come into effect on the date when it is signed by both parties.  

本合同从双方签字之日起生效。

 

The Buyer shall accept the bill of exchange immediately upon the first presentation of the bill of exchange and the required documents and shall effect the payment on the maturity date of the bill of exchange. 汇票一经承兑交单,买方应在汇票到期时完成支付。

此外,当表达实际上,事实上的含义时,英文合同常用 in effect, 而不是 in fact.

 

9Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original

在英文合同中,Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original  都用作表示合同一式几份。Counterpart, copy duplicate 指副本,而 original 指的是正本,而且 duplicate 就有双重双份的意思,也常见 in duplicate的用法,与此类似的还有 in triplicate(一式三份), in quadruplicate(一式四份),in quintuplicate(一式五份),in sextuplicate  (一式六份),in septuplicate(一式七份),in octuplicate (一式八份),innonuplicate (一式九份),in decuplicate (一式十份)等等。

 

例如:This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts. Each counterpart shall be deemed an original, and all of the counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

本协议文本可同时签署两份或多份副本。每一副本应视为一份原件,所有副本一起应构成唯一同一文件。

 

10Incur  英文合同中 incur 指“招致,引起”,相当于基础英语中的 cause。通常以过去分词 incurred 形式出现。

例如:In case her age exceeds 15 years, the extra average insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the Seller.

如果她的年龄超过 15 岁,则由买方承担因此产生的平均保险费以外的费用。

 

例如:No costs incurred in the manufacture, sale, distribution or exploitation of the articles shall be deducted from any royalty payable by Licensee.

产品的生产、销售、分销或开发引起的花费不得从被许可方的使用费中扣除。

 

11To-wit

作为法律专用语,to-wit 的意思为“即”,相当于基础英语中的“that is to sayi.e.)”。

 

例如:WITNESSETH: That for and in consideration of the sum of One Million Eleven Thousand One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($1,011,150.00) cash in hand paid by the party of the second part to the party of the first part and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of all of which are hereby acknowledged, the said party of the first part does hereby bargain, sell, grant and convey, in fee simple, with general warranty of title, unto the party of the second part, the following, to-wit:

兹证明(通常省略不译):兹以乙方支付甲方的一百零一万一千一百五十美元现金和其他为约因,特此确认充分并予接受,上述甲方由此交易、出售、转让***,对所有权向乙方作一般保证如下,即:

 

12Sanction, approval, examination

英文合同表示审批、批准时,常常使用这几个词,sanction 尤其专用于合同。

例如:The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come into force only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and Party B and approved by the original examination and approval authority. 本合同的修改或其他附件当仅当甲乙双方签署完书面协议后并经原审批机关批准后方能生效。

例如:This sanction is lifted prospectively upon the filing of a proper registration.

妥当的登记申请才会提交审批。

此外,sanction 在英文合同中也常作“制裁”解。

例如:If Licensee is joined in such proceeding, Licensor shall indemnify and hold harmless Licensee from and against any claim, sanction, liability, damages, attorney's fees, judgments or orders of any kind arising out of such proceeding.

如果被许可方参加该诉讼,许可方则应保证赔偿许可方由该诉讼导致的任何索赔、制裁、债务、损害赔偿、律师费、判决或任何裁令并保证免除被许可方有关责任。

 

13Do sth. in its entirety

英文合同中 do sth. in its entirety 相当于基础英语中的 do sth. totally do sth. as a whole,表示完全彻底地做某事。

例如:The Aggregate Revolving Commitment (and the Revolving Commitment of each Bank) shall terminate in its entirety on April 15, 1998 unless the Closing Date shall have occurred on or prior to such date.联合周转协议(及各银行的周转协议)应在 1998 4 15 日完全终止,除非结算发生在当天或先于该日期。

 

14encumbrance, mortgage, charge, pledge, security, lien, security

mortgage 相当于我国法律的抵押;pledge 相当于质押,lien 相当于留置,security 相当于担保,保证;encumbrance: A liability or claim which burdens property, e.g., a lease, mortgage, easement, restrictive covenant, rentcharge…(Dictionary of Law, 6th edition, L.B.Curzon)指在财产上设定的债务或债权,如:租赁、抵押、地役、限制性契约,收租。试译为他物权。

 

charge: 4. An encumbrance, e.g., on land, which secures payments for money(Idem) 一种担保物权,

如:土地上设定的用于付款的担保,保证。

 

例如:Seller warrants that the goods are now free, and that at the time of delivery shall be free from any

security interest or other lien or encumbrance.

卖方保证货物现无约束,交付时应没有设定担保物权、其他留置权或债权。

例如:During the joint venture term of the Joint Venture Company, Without Party Bs written consent, Party A shall not create any option, right to acquire, mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, or any other form of security or encumbrance on, over, or affecting the whole or any part of its equity interest in the Joint Venture Company.

本合资公司合营期间,未经乙方书面同意,甲方不得对本合资公司所有或部分股权设定期权、购并权、抵押权、保证、抵押权、留置权、或其他任何形式的担保或债权,或因以上设定影响本合资公司的所有或部分股权。

 

15Pertinent, relevant

这两个词都是作为形容词“有关的,相关的”含义,出现在英文合同中,pertinent 似乎较relevant更为正式。

 

例如:All activities of the Cooperative venture company shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.

合作经营企业的一切活动均应受中华人民共和国的法律、法令及有关规定和规章约制。

再如:In accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and other relevant Chinese laws and regulations, ABC Company and XYZ Company, in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultations, agree to jointly set up a Cooperative venture in Beijing, the People's Republic of China.根据中华人民共和国中外合作企业法及有关法律法规,ABC 公司与 XYZ 公司,本着平等互利的原则,经过友好协商,同意共同在中华人民共和国北京设立合作企业。

 

16Seek recourse to, resort to 在英文合同中都表示“求助于,诉诸于”的含义。

 

例如:The arbitration shall take place in Beijing and the decision of the Arbitration Commission shall be final and binding upon both parties; neither party shall seek recourse to a law court or other authorities to appeal for revision of the decision. Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party. 仲裁应在北京进行。仲裁委员会的裁定应为终局性,对双方均有约束力。任一方不得诉诸于法院或其他机构上诉寻求修正该裁定。仲裁费应由败诉方承担。又如:The exercise of a remedy does not waive the right of either party to resort to arbitration or reference.

任一方行使补救权利不放弃其诉诸仲裁或仲裁程序的权利。

 

第三节 英语合同的常用句型 (Sentence Patterns)

一、in the event that(短语为 in the event of), in case(短语为 in case of), providing(that), provided(that), on the conditions that, if(if and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as), should, suppose/supposingthat

在英文合同中,以上这些词常用来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形,至于基础英语中常用的“as long as”在英文合同非常鲜见。

 

如:In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit (or Letter of Guarantee) the Owner shall arrange for such Letter to be amended accordingly as soon as possible after any such changes.如果在信用证(或保函)开出后,合同总价或合同其他条款发生变化,业主应尽快安排对信用证(或保函)进行相应的修改。

 

如:In case part of or all know-how of the above-mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and confidential the part already published.如上述专有技术的一部分或全部已由第三方公布,而甲方也掌握了已公布的证据,则甲方不再承担保密义务。

 

如:15% of the above contract price, e.g. US$21000 shall be paid by Party A to Party B by M/T within 30 days after Party A has received from Party B the following technical documentations and documents and providing that they are in conformity with the contract:   甲方从乙方处收到以下技术资料和文件后 30天内应信汇乙方上述合同总价的百分之十五,也就是两万一千美元,但该技术资料和文件应符合本合同要求。

 

如:Either party may at anytime replace the chairman, deputy chairman or director(s) it has appointed, provided that it gives written notice to the Joint Venture Company and the other party.任何一方可随时更换自己委派的董事长、副董事长或董事,但必须书面通知合资公司和合资的另一方。需要注意的是,provided that 通常语气上有转折的含义,不宜翻译为“假如,如果”,译为“但是”,则译文过渡自然,符合汉语表达的规范。

 

Should the seller make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clause18 to this contract, the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under

negotiation.如果卖方并非因本合同第 18 条规定的不可抗力事件而未按合同规定的期限交货,那么,只要卖方同意支付罚金,并由付款行从议付款中扣除,买方便同意卖方延期交货。

 

句中出现两处条件从句,should 引导的从句属于非真实条件句,即虚拟语气,表示该条件发生的可能性很小,也就是说是当事人不希望出现的不利情况。而 on condition that 引导的条件从句,往往表示只要某情况出现,就如何如何。

 

Notwithstanding the completion of the sale and purchase of the __ ordinary shares in the Company, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall remain in full force and effect as between the parties hereto in so far as the same are not fulfilled.即使买卖公司*股普通股已经结束,只要该行为尚未履行完毕,本协议条款对双方仍然完全有效。

 

In all cases where Licensee desires artwork involving articles which are the subject of this license to be executed, the cost of such artwork and the time for the production thereof shall be borne by Licensee. 如果被许可方需要的工艺品涉及本许可将履行的标的,则该工艺品的费用和生产该工艺品的时耗应由被许可方承担。

 

As an example, suppose that Stamps.com has a partnership agreement with a company called "Internet Marketing". In this example, "Partner Name" would be "Internet Marketing".

试举一例,如果 Stamp.com 公司与一家名叫 Internet Marketing 的公司有一合伙协议。本例中,该“合伙名称就是“Internet Marketing”。

 

If and whenever the attorney at law designated by Party B comes to work with Party A, Party A shall offer all sufficient and necessary facilities, arrange the said legal counsel with an office, appoint a company officer to assist legal counsel with his function, provide relevant information and writ and print legal draft for such legal counsel.

乙方律师到甲方工作时,甲方应充分给予安排,安排法律顾问办公场所,选派干部协助律师工作,提供有关情况,缮写打印稿件等。

 

相关链接:in no case, in no event, in the case ofin any case

in no case in no event 表示“决不”即无论怎样都不行。

例如:Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer.船龄超过 20 年的买方概不接受。

 

In the case of 就什么来说,关于,in any case 无论如何

例如:In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.关于危险或有毒货物,卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

 

二、Sth. is (shall remain) the property of sb., the title of sth. shall be vested in sb.

英语合同表示“某物所有权属于某人”时,常用到这两个句型。如果用 the ownership of sth. Belongs to sb.,或者 sb owns/possesses sth.就不够正式,而且 possess 只指目前属于某人,并不能说明获得的来源,而 own 只表示“对。。。。。的合法占有”。

 

如:Any drawings or technical documents interested for use in the Construction of the Plant or of part thereof and submitted to the Seller by the Buyer prior or subsequent to formation of the Contract remain the exclusive property of the Buyer.本合同订立前后由买方送交卖方用于建筑设备或其部分设备的图纸或技术资料仍为买方的专有财产。

 

又如:Licensee hereby agrees that at the termination or expiration of this agreement Licensee will be deemed to have assigned, transferred and conveyed to Licensor any rights, equities, good will, titles or other rights in and to the Name which may have been obtained by Licensee or which may have vested in Licensee in pursuance of any endeavors covered hereby, and that Licensee will execute any instruments requested by Licensor to accomplish   or   confirm the foregoing.

被许可方特此同意本协议终止或届满时,被许可方视为转让许可方被许可方以和对该名义可能已获得或经努力已所有的任何权利、权益、商誉、所有权或其他权利,并且被许可方应在许可方的要求下签署完成或确认上述内容的任何文件。

 

三、It is + p. ppast participle 过去分词)  + that clause

英文合同在使用被动语态时,有一些常见的特殊句型:

 

It is agreed that clause

 

如:It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity of weight issued by the manufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit. 双方同意制造厂出具的质量、数量或重量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。

 

It is expressly agreed that Lessee will not, without obtaining prior written permission of Lessor, assert on its behalf, or on behalf of Lessor, any immunity from taxation based on the tax-exempt status, if any, of the Lessor.双方明确同意承租人未经出租人事先书面同意,不得自行或代表出租人基于出租人的免税身份主张免税。(如果出租人有该身份)

 

It is understood that clause

 

又如:It is strictly understood that the Sellers can not be held responsible for non-delivery of delayed delivery of the goods ordered if the situation is caused by Force Majeure, such as war, rebellion, fire, strike,new levies imposed by government, mistakes in telegrams, inability of, or refusal by the manufacturers to

fulfill this Contract or any other causes beyond Sellers control.严格明确卖方对于自己无法控制的不可抗力,如战争、叛乱、火灾、火灾、罢工、政府新征税、电报错误、生产厂商无能力或拒绝按合同生产致使已定货物不能发货或迟延发货概不负责。

 

It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and/or Post Office are liable.    双方明确卖方概不承担属保险公司、装运公司或其他运输机构、邮局责任范围内原因所造成已装运货物的瑕疵责任。

 

It is stressed that clause

再如:It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt. In the event of failure to do this, the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.必须强调:买方应于收到本合同之日起3天内签字并退还合同的副本,如买方不这样做,卖方保留取消合同的权利。

 

四、Saving Clause

 

在英文合同中 Saving Clause(除外条款, 但书条款)通常有 Save that 句型和 Save as 句型,表示“。。。。。。者例外”。

例如:The provisions of Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 12 of the US Plan apply mutatis mutandis to the UK Scheme, save that if an amendment is made to the UK Scheme or to the terms of an Approved Stock Option at a time when the UK Scheme is approved by the Inland Revenue under Schedule 9, the approval will not thereafter have effect unless the Inland Revenue have approved the alteration or addition.应用于英方方案的美方规划的第 6 节和第 12 节的规定的已作必要的修正,除非对英方方案或已批准股票期权条款的修改时值根据附件 9 英方方案已获批准,此后该批准不得生效,除非内税局已批准该改变或增补。

 

 

再如:Save as expressly provided herein, this Agreement may be amended or terminated, and any of the terms hereof waived, only by a document in writing specifically referring to this Agreement and executed by the parties hereto or, in the case of a waiver, by the party waiving compliance.

除非本协议明确规定,本协议可作修改或终止,本协议任一条款可放弃,当仅当通过书面文件特别提及本协议并由本协议双方执行或一方通过弃权声明放弃遵守。

此外,也常见用 Proviso 表示限制条款或但书。

 

例如:5.6 Legal Proceedings; Injunctions. (a) The Seller, the Buyer and the Company shall use

commercially reasonable efforts (subject to the proviso in Section 5.6(b)) to cooperate with each other in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation with any other person which relates to the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder.

法律诉讼;禁止令(!)卖方、买方和本公司应竭尽全力(除本条第二款的但书规定外)互相配合处理涉及本合同履行与交付及本合同项下预期交易完成的与他方有关的索赔、诉讼、案件、诉讼程序、质询或调查。

 

例如:Tenant shall not be required to join in any proceedings referred to in the proviso at the end of 4.6 hereof unless the provisions of any law, rule or regulation at the time in effect shall require that such proceedings be brought by or in the name of Tenant, in which event Tenant shall join and cooperate in such proceedings or permit the same to be brought in its name, but shall not be liable for the payment of any costs or expenses in connection with any such proceedings, and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for, and indemnify and hold Tenant harmless from and against, any and all costs or expenses which Tenant may reasonably pay, sustain or incur in connection with any such proceedings.

承租人不得被应要求参加本合同第四条第六款最后但书/限制性条款提及的任何诉讼,除非当时生效的法律法规要求该诉讼应以由承租人或以承租人名义提起,此种情况下,承租人应参加配合该诉讼或允许该诉讼以其名义提起,但概不承担任何与该诉讼有关的任何费用和花费,业主应偿还并保证赔偿承租人合理支付的因该诉讼产生或遭受的全部费用和花费且确保承租人免于以上责任。

 

五、as 句型

 

六、Upon sth ……

 

英文合同中表达一经。。。。。,就。。。。。。含义时,不用基础英语中的 as soon as, 而用 Upon sth., ……表达。

 

例如:Upon expiration of such term of contract, the contract shall automatically become void and null.合同一经届满则自动失效。

 

 

再如:Upon substantial completion of the infrastructure project, C may request to New Company or its representative that the infrastructure project has successfully completed its testing and that accordingly the Completion Date has occurred.

基础设施工程一经实质完成,丙方就可向新公司或其代表要求该工程业已顺利完成测试,因而竣工日期成就。

 

七、Unless otherwise except(as) otherwise  

 

英文合同中表示“除非另有规定”时,常常用到这两个句型,在句中的位置非常灵活,句首,句末或者句中都能看到他们的身影。后接 stipulate, provide, require, state, specify 等动词或其过去分词。

 

例如:On the Transfer Date New Company shall transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance created by New Company and without the payment of any compensation, all its right, title to and interest in the infrastructure project, unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement.

新公司应在转让日转让给乙方,概不承担新公司设定的质押或担保并概不支付基础设施工程中的赔偿、全部权利、所有权和权益,除非本协议另有规定或补充协议。

 

 

又如:The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing Party except otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Institute.仲裁费由败诉方承担,除非仲裁机构另有裁决。

 

再如:Except as otherwise provided herein, all import permits and licenses and the import duties, customs fees and all taxes levied by any government authority other than the Seller's country shall be the sole responsibility of the Buyer.

除非本协议另有规定,所有进口许可证照和政府机关(不是卖方国家)征收的进口关税和所有税费均应由买方独自承担责任。

 

八、use all reasonable endeavors (efforts) to do sth., make full endeavors (efforts) to do sth.exert

ones effort(s) to do sth./ exert oneself to do sth. 英文合同中表示“尽力做某事”时,常常用到这几个句型,而不用基础英语中 try ones best to do sth.等句型。

 

例如:Except as contemplated by this Agreement, from the date hereof through the Closing Date, Mattel shall cause each TLC Subsidiary to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects, and shall use commercially reasonable endeavors to preserve intact its business relationships, keep available the service of its employees and maintain satisfactory relationships with its suppliers and customers.

 

除非本协议预期,从本协议日期到成交日,Mattel 公司应促使 TLC 子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面按通常程序进行交易。并应尽力来保持其商业关系完整,可获得其员工的服务并与供应商和客户维持良好的关系。

 

又如:However, both parties shall make efforts to get the ratification within 60 (sixty) days.

然而,双方应努力在 60 天内获得批准。

 

再如:Each of Quotesmith and IIS agrees to exert its commercially reasonable efforts so that IIS can begin providing instant quotes on QIM in as short a time as the capabilities and technologies of each party will allow.  每一 Quotesmith IIS 的人员同意尽其全力使得 IIS 在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向 QIM 公司提供即时报价。

 

还如:Promptly following the Effective Time, the shareholders of Tunes who are employed by JAMtv or Merger Sub shall exert their best efforts to cause all employees of Tunes and Merger Sub to execute in favor of Merger Sub proprietary rights agreements substantially similar to JAMtv's existing employee proprietary rights agreement.

生效时间后,被 JAMtv 公司或 Merge Sub 公司所聘的 Tunes 公司股东应立即竭尽全力促使 Tunes公司和的所有员工执行 Merge Sub 公司控股权协议,该协议实质上与 JAMtv 公司现有的员工控股权协议类似。

 

英文合同常用词汇

第一节 合同常用词(Usual Wording)

当大量接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍:

一、英文合同常用虚词(Usual Function Words

1Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词

基本规则:Here 代表 thisthere 代表 thatwhere 代表 which what here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or what

Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此,由此,兹等意。

例句:The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following

conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品,条件如下:

Hereinin this。此中,于此。

例句:The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。

Hereinafter: later in the same Contract.  以下,在下文。通常与  to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。

This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between

_____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于__________日由_____(以下简称甲方)为一方,与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。

Hereofof this。关于此点,在本文件中。

Hereunderunder this. 本文件规定。

例句:Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the

application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。

Heretoto this.本文件的。

Thereofof that.它的,其。

Theretoto that 与之,向那里。

例句:Licensed Productsmeans the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特许产品”系指在本协议附件 1 中所述的装置和产品,及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。

Herewithwith this.与此,附此。

Therebyby that means.因此,由此,从而

例句:In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in

connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.   

如果根据现行法律,本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行,本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。

 

Thereafter: after thatafterwards. 此后

例句:The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period of two years thereafter.  本合作经营企业合同,此后应持续有效两年。

 

Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里;在那点上;在那方面。

例句:The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantially completed.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时,该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。

 

Therewithwith that.以此;此外。

例句:The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same and against and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising there out or in connection therewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用,不论因本合同产生或与其相关,并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。

 

Whereby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议,凭此条款等。

例句:This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enter into the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below:  本协议由 AA 公司(以下简称甲方)和 BB 公司(以下简称乙方)签订。双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。(本句中省略未译)

 

2.  WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All

Men by these presentsIn witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.

 

WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore 用于英文合同前言部分,In witness Whereof 用于合同结尾证明部分,在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及,恕不赘述。

 

In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此为证,特立此证。

例句:In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _____ (date) accepted on _____(date).我方于______日签署本文件,并于______日接受该文件,特此为证。

 

NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于 WHEREAS 条款之后引出具体协议事项。

例句:  NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows: 兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:

 

KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件,特此宣布。(通常用于前言部分)

例句:KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_____(banks name)having our registered office at

______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _____(the Owner’s name)(hereinafter called the Owner”) in the sum of ____ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by these presents.根据本文件,兹宣布,我行,(银行名称),其注册地点在(以下简称本银行)向(业主名称)(以下简称本业主)立约担保支付(金额数)的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。

Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词 the,是指文件签署者的自称。

 

例句:The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:   兹经签约的买卖双方同意,按下列条款,达成这笔交易。

 

3.  Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使,尽管。

1Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.即使有与本合同相悖的规定,保险范围和责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。

 

2:  Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as is reasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing.  尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定,如果上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃,合同各方亦可根据具体情况,约定合理延长合同的期满日。

 

4As 合同英语中 as 出现的频率极高,而且用法灵活多变,是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲,as 使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例:

 

As 放在代表规定的 providestipulateset forthprescribe 等词的过去分词前,含义为“依照某某规定”。

 

1For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.基于此,应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。

 

2based on their respective Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof.  基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。

 

另有 Except as otherwise provided 结构,表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。

例句:Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall be deemed received 8 days after they have been sent and notices or demands sent by telex shall be deemed received at the time of the dispatch thereof.除非本合同另有规定,所有通知和请求以航空挂号信寄出则发出后 8 日应视为送达收悉,以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。

 

As 构成 as the case may be(视具体情况而定),  as the case may require(视具体要求而定)和 as the Venturers may determine 等短语。

 

例句:The Venture may relocate its office from time to time or have additional offices as the Venturers may determine.该合资公司视投资者决策,可随时迁址或增添营业场所。

 

As 构成 as of the date of ____ (date) 短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。

例句:In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written. 合同双方签订本文件,该文件自以上书就日期即时生效,特此为证。

 

As 还用在 as soon as practical 短语中,意义用法相当于 as soon as possible.

例句:During the Employment Period, the Company agrees that it shall recommend to the Board the election of the Employee as a Director of the Company on the Commencement Date or as soon as practical thereafter. 本公司同意在聘用期间,应自本协议开始或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。

 

As such 连用是英文合同中一大特色,参看本书第二章第三节部分,在此不在赘述。

 

5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question

Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned 一族,一般放在名词前作限定,意为“前述的”或“上述的”,为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称。

 

1The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Interest Rate in effect from time to time in accordance with the foregoing sentence.本银行将根据前述的句子以书面或电传形式随时及时通知借款方生效的利率。

 

2The contract shall be written in Chinese and in ____________. Both language versions are equally authentic.   In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.本合同应以中文和_文书就,具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异,以中文文本为准。

 

In question: under consideration; being talk about.  通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题,可译为“这”或“该”问题。

例句:All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question.买方根据返销或回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格,结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。

 

6. follows, as below, the following

这一族都表示“下列”,一般放在动词后,而 the following 作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是,恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。

NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows;

为此,双方达成契约,约定如下:

 

NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as below.

为此,双方约定如下:

Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows: 兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

 

7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in

compliance with这一族都表示“依照,根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式,自然用的最少了,而“in accordance with”最为常见。

 

例如:In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.如未能达成和解,该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会颁布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。

 

又如:A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract Plant signed by the representatives of both parties as per Chapter 9 of the present Contract.该合同设备的验收证书的影印副本由双方代表按照该合同第九章签收。

 

再如:Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the appendix to the Contract.合同双方应按照本合同附件中载明的项目进行出资。

 

8. Including but not limited to including, without limitation 以及 including by way of illustration but not limitation

英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时,就会用到这几个短语。

 

例如:The time for the performance of the Seller's obligations set forth in this Contract shall be

automatically extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly or indirectly from Force Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake, typhoon, natural catastrophe, and all other contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Seller's reasonable control preventing, hindering or interfering with the performance thereof. 本合同规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件包括但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害和卖方无论怎样也无法合理控制的阻止、妨碍、干扰本合同履行的其他风险和情形。

 

9. prior to, no later than, on or beforeon and after

常用在英文合同中限定日期,prior to 表示“某日之前,提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于”,On and after 表示“从某日起”。

例如:Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September20. 9 2O 日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。

例如:Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.  

我公司的条件是,3 个月内,即不得晚于 5 1 日,支付现金。

 

例如:  Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December.本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于 12 15 日,你方须将货物装船。

 

例如:10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods.装运前10 天到 15 天,买方应以电报或电传方式通知卖方合同编号、装运船名,预计到达时间,装载数量和承运代理商名称,以便能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货物装运。

 

此外,为限定时间更为明确,还常用 inclusiveincluding included,来限定含当日在内的时间。

例如:  This credit expires till January 1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 本证在北京议付,有效期至 1 1 日。如果不包括1 1 日在内,则为 till and not including January 1

 

10.  Without prejudice to

Without prejudice to,常用于英文合同中,表示在“不损害某规定/情况下”。

例如:The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.  不妨害买方索赔权,买方仍有权取消合同的部分或全部。

 

11Attributable to, due to, owing to,   by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account ofconsidering, in consideration of  这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”,其中 due toowing tobecause of 较不正式,很少使用。

 

例如:Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Seller's failure to give the above-mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the Seller shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure.

如果因为卖方未能以电报或电传形式发出上述装运通知,买方不能及时安排保险,则卖方应对此产生的损失和或损害赔偿承担责任。

 

例如:Licensee hereby agrees that its every use of such name shall inure to the benefit of Licensor and that Licensee shall not at any time acquire any rights in such name by virtue of any use it may make of such name.被许可方特此同意该名称的使用应有利于许可方利益且不得在任何时候因利用该名称而取得该名称项下任何权利。

 

例如:Buyer shall have the right to inspect the goods on arrival and, within _______  business days after delivery, buyer must give notice to seller of any claim for damages on account of condition, quality or grade of the goods, and buyer must specify the basis of the claim of buyer in detail.买方应有权在货物运抵及交付后*个营业日内进行检验,买方须通知卖方任何基于货物条件、品质、等级而产生的索赔,并详细说明索赔事由。

 

例如:In view of the personal nature of the services to be performed under this Agreement by you, you cannot assign or transfer any of your obligations under this Agreement. 考虑到本协议项下待你方履行的服务有人身性质,你方不能转让本协议项下你方的任何义务。

 

IN CONSIDERATION OF ……为约因/报酬

约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

例如:Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained, it is hereby agreed: 兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:

 

In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.  

乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。

 

12.  In lieu of: 一般出现在英文合同中表示“替代”的意思相当于基础英语中的 in place of, instead of.

例句:In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1,  Party C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to Party B all or part of Party C or New Company’s proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of Party C’s own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.

在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下,丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的全部或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害,但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。

 

13.  In respect ofin respect thereofwith respect toas regards 涉及,至于,在…方面

英文合同中常用 in respect of, in respect thereof with respect to, 表示与本合同/协议/条款有关的问题,比 about, concerning, as regards 正式。

例如:Notwithstanding Clause 16.1, Party B shall not be entitled to claim for itself in respect of any Force Majeure in Clause 16.1. 不管 16 条第一款的规定,乙方无权根据 16 条第一款为其自身提出有关不可抗力的索赔。

例如:Upon the termination of the Existing Letter of Credit and the payment of all amounts (if any) owing in respect thereof, Bank Boston, N.A. shall cease to be an Issuing Bank hereunder.

现有信用证一经期满所有相关应付款项支付(如果有的话)即告终止,北美波士顿银行不再是该信用证项下的开证行。

 

例如:Party C or New Company shall retain all rights with respect to the specifications, plans, drawings and other documents and Party B undertakes not to disclose the same or divulge any information contained therein to any third country without the prior written consent of Party C or New Company.

丙方或新公司应保留有关说明书、计划书、图纸和其他文件的所有权利且乙方应承诺未经丙方或新公司事先书面同意不披露上述文件或泄露上述文件所包含的任何信息给第三国。

 

此外,Pertaining to, pertaining thereto 也表示“涉及,与。。。有关”。

例如:Broker is in the business of brokering real estate loans and engages sales representative to perform services pertaining to such business.

经纪人是在房地产贷款经纪业务中聘用销售代表进行有关该业务的服务。

 

14SAY, ONLY

英文合同为明确金额的数量,小写金额之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,在大写文字前加上SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思为“整”。当然,小写与大写的金额数量要一致。

例如:  Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$600 (SAY SIX HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). 聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 600 元整。

 

15.  In favor ofin ones favor  表示以。。。为受益人。

例如:One original and one copy of the irrevocable letter of guarantee issued by the Licensor's Bank for a sum of 10% of the total price for the technical know-how in favor of the Licensee.

由许可方银行开具以被许可方为受益人,金额为专有技术总价 10%的不可撤销保函正本和副本各一件。

又如:We hereby establish this irrevocable letter of credit in your favor for account of ABC Company in the amount of U. S. $ _______ (amount in words), available against your draft(s) drawn at sight on Credit Bank, N.A., Letter of Credit Department, Los Angeles, California, accompanied by your signed and dated statement as follows:

我行特此开立在 ABC 公司帐上以贵方为受益人总额为美元*(大写金额),凭交加州洛杉玑北美信贷银行信用证部开出的即期汇票付款,附有贵方签字和具名日期声明如下:

但注意 in favor 有时另有它义。

例如:Our goods that we offer you are much in favor in the European Continent.我方向你方报盘的货物,在欧洲大陆颇受好评。(in favor 此处表示受赏识,受好评)

 

16In confirmation of 为确定。。。。。。起见

例如:In confirmation of such subordination, Tenant shall from time to time execute promptly any

certificate that Owner may request.

为确认该从属关系起见,承租人应随时及时签署任何业主可能要求的证书。

 

二、英文合同常见实词(Content Words)

1.  Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee

在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和 warrant 连用,出现在合同的声明保证部分:

 

例如:Both the Seller and the Purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was involved in negotiating this purchase and sale, and both the Seller and the Purchaser agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless against any and all claims for brokerage.

买卖双方保证并声明没有中介介入交易磋商,且保证赔偿对方因中介引起的索赔并使其免受损害。

 

例如:Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract.  根据离岸价格术语,卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内,按买方通知的日期,装运货物至买方指定船只。

 

例如:Party B guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused, sophisticated and of best quality, and that the machines and equipment are capable of manufacturing the steel wire rope.

乙方保证机器设备未经使用,性能良好、品质卓越而且该设备能生产出钢丝绳。

 

2.  Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office

在英文合同中,这几个词的意思分别是:“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。

 

例如:This Contract made on April 1, 19- -, at ______, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at ______, China (hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co. with its principal office at______, USA  (hereinafter called Party B).

本合同于 19**4 1 日于中国***签订,合同双方为 ABC 公司(以下简称甲方),其主营业地位于中国***,和 XYZ 公司(以下简称乙方),其主营业地为美国***

 

例如:If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.

如被特许方承认违约,许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。

 

例如:EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of _________ (month), ____ (year), by and between:  _______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of ____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of _________ (Passport No._____) residing at ________________.

 

本聘用协议订立于***日,协议双方为***(以下本公司),其按*州法律组织设立,注册地为***,和***,自然人,国籍为*国,护照号码为***,住址为***

例如:  The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant.  

本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。

 

3Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph

英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项”分别用 chapter, article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph表示。

例如:The Borrower further irrevocably consents to service of process upon it out of said courts in any such action or proceeding by mailing copies thereof by United Stated registered air mail, postage prepaid, to the Borrower at the address specified in Section 10. 5 hereof.

借款人进一步不可撤消同意上述法院就该事宜诉讼或程序的送达,接受按照本合同第十条第五款指定的借款人地址寄来的美国航空挂号信,邮资已付邮件中的副本。

 

4.  Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the authority to do, do sth. at ones option or/and discretion, be liberty to do

这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。Be entitled to 表示 to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)体现该权利法律上的强制性。Reserve the right to do 表示 to have a specified power of right in law 体现法律上规定的权利。而 be authorized to do, have the authority to do 指经授权而有的权利,至于 do sth. at ones option or/and discretion 则指行为人自主决定的权利。

 

例如:The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.

尽管如此,买方有权撤消合同的全部或部分,概不妨碍买方索赔权之行使。

 

例如:In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1 C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to B all or part of C or New Company's proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of C's own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.

在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下,丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的全部或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害,但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。

 

又如:The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in Clause 3 of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.买方须于销售确认书第三条所规定的日期之前开出本批交易的信用证。否则,售方有权不经通知取消本确认书,或接受买方对本销售确认书未履行的全部或一部分,或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。

 

再如:The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.

甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。

 

5.  Perform, fulfill, execute implement

英文合同表示合同履行时经常用到这几个词,perform 表示 to do what one party is obliged to do by a contract 泛指双方履行合同的各项责任和义务,而 fulfill 表示 to do everything which is promised in acontract 强调合同一方具体履行合同的义务。Execute implement 表示则强调具体实施,execute 也有签约、生效的用法。

 

例如:With respect to the outstanding 180 M/T of low-density polyethylene NY2-11 under Contract No. 79hp-106, we insist that you must open the covering letter of credit the soonest possible to secure the performance of the contract. We hereby would like to call your attention to the fact that the Adviser Inc., who purchased LDPE NY2-11 from us at the same time as you did have fulfilled their commitment under the previous Contract not long after we offered our regulated price and signed a new contract covering substantial quality.

有关第 79hp-106 号合同项下 180 公吨的低密度聚乙烯(NY2-11)未付款项,我方坚持要求贵方尽快开立信用证以保证合同的履行。我方在此提请贵方注意该事实,同时从我公司购买低密度聚乙烯(NY2-11)的 Adviser 公司已经按先前的合同履行完义务,不久后,我方就提供了调整的价格并签订了一份产品品质优良的新合同。

 

例如:Each of the parties to this Agreement shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the transactions contemplated hereby and to fulfill and cause to be fulfilled the conditions to Closing under this Agreement including, without limitation, Parent using reasonable best efforts to obtain the Parent Stockholder Approval at the meeting of Parent''s stockholders scheduled to be held on June 25, 1999 or at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the "June 25 Meeting"). Each party hereto, at the reasonable request of another party hereto, shall execute and deliver such other instruments and do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for effecting completely the consummation of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.

合同任一方应竭尽全力来完成在此预期的交易并按本协议履行或促使交易的成交条件的履行。包括但不限于母公司尽力按日程在 1999 6 25 日召开的母公司股东会或该日期延后或休会期间通过母公司股东批准。本合同一方应在他方合理的要求下,应签署并交付其他文件并切实履行本协议和预期交易完全成就所必需或需要的行为和事宜。

 

例如:All disputes arising in connection with this contract or in the execution thereof, should be settled amicably through negotiations.  所有与合同或合同履行有关的争议,应通过友好协商解决。

 

例如:All expenses of keeping the books and records of the Company and the preparation of financial statements required to implement the provisions of this Agreement or otherwise needed for the conduct of the Company's business shall be borne by the Company.

所有履行本协议规定所要求的或其他本公司经营所需要的保存本公司账册记录和准备财务报表的费用由本公司承担。

 

6.  Abide by, observe, obey, comply with

这几个词在英文合同中都表示“遵守,服从,”的意思。Comply with 的主语通常是 Sth.observeabide by 则的主语通常是 Sb.

 

例如:The delivered equipment shall be installed and tested by Party B and shall fully comply with the technical requirements and processing quality of the contract.

所交付的设备应由乙方安装调试,应完全符合本合同的技术要求和工艺质量。

 

例如:The Contractor shall observe and abide by all applicable laws, rules and regulations in connection with the Work.承包人必须遵守和服从与该工程有关的一切适用法律规章和条例。

 

7. have the legal obligation to do, be obliged to, shall do, be under the obligation to do,

be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for,   

在英文合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。Shall do sth.在第二章英文合同特点时,已经述及,在此不再赘述。其他短语的用法,参看下例:

1The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any

material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.

本公司没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分,出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益,或实现本公司或任一子公司的并购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上事项的协议。

 

2RCII is not under any legal obligation, whether written or oral, to do any of the foregoing. RCII 公司没有任何书面或口头上的法律义务来做以上的任何一项。

 

3:  In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.在危险或有毒货物的情况下,卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

 

Within the time as notified by the Buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the Seller shall be fully liable to the Buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage. 在买方通知的时限内,抵达装运港后,卖方应对买方承担全部责任并对诸如空仓费、延滞费等所有损失和费用负责。

 

The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.卖方对因任何不可抗力事件导致本买卖合同项下整批或部分货物未能交付或延误概不承担责任。

 

8. effect

 

在基础英语中,effect 一般作名词,指效果、影响,英文合同中如:come into effect 表示生效,sth. ineffect 表示生效的法律文件。除了这些基本用法外,effect 还常用作动词表示“实现”、“完成”的意思。例如:This contract shall come into effect on the date when it is signed by both parties.  

本合同从双方签字之日起生效。

 

The Buyer shall accept the bill of exchange immediately upon the first presentation of the bill of exchange and the required documents and shall effect the payment on the maturity date of the bill of exchange. 汇票一经承兑交单,买方应在汇票到期时完成支付。

此外,当表达实际上,事实上的含义时,英文合同常用 in effect, 而不是 in fact.

 

9Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original

在英文合同中,Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original  都用作表示合同一式几份。Counterpart, copy duplicate 指副本,而 original 指的是正本,而且 duplicate 就有双重双份的意思,也常见 in duplicate的用法,与此类似的还有 in triplicate(一式三份), in quadruplicate(一式四份),in quintuplicate(一式五份),in sextuplicate  (一式六份),in septuplicate(一式七份),in octuplicate (一式八份),innonuplicate (一式九份),in decuplicate (一式十份)等等。

 

例如:This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts. Each counterpart shall be deemed an original, and all of the counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

本协议文本可同时签署两份或多份副本。每一副本应视为一份原件,所有副本一起应构成唯一同一文件。

 

10Incur  英文合同中 incur 指“招致,引起”,相当于基础英语中的 cause。通常以过去分词 incurred 形式出现。

例如:In case her age exceeds 15 years, the extra average insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the Seller.

如果她的年龄超过 15 岁,则由买方承担因此产生的平均保险费以外的费用。

 

例如:No costs incurred in the manufacture, sale, distribution or exploitation of the articles shall be deducted from any royalty payable by Licensee.

产品的生产、销售、分销或开发引起的花费不得从被许可方的使用费中扣除。

 

11To-wit

作为法律专用语,to-wit 的意思为“即”,相当于基础英语中的“that is to sayi.e.)”。

 

例如:WITNESSETH: That for and in consideration of the sum of One Million Eleven Thousand One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($1,011,150.00) cash in hand paid by the party of the second part to the party of the first part and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of all of which are hereby acknowledged, the said party of the first part does hereby bargain, sell, grant and convey, in fee simple, with general warranty of title, unto the party of the second part, the following, to-wit:

兹证明(通常省略不译):兹以乙方支付甲方的一百零一万一千一百五十美元现金和其他为约因,特此确认充分并予接受,上述甲方由此交易、出售、转让***,对所有权向乙方作一般保证如下,即:

 

12Sanction, approval, examination

英文合同表示审批、批准时,常常使用这几个词,sanction 尤其专用于合同。

例如:The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come into force only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and Party B and approved by the original examination and approval authority. 本合同的修改或其他附件当仅当甲乙双方签署完书面协议后并经原审批机关批准后方能生效。

例如:This sanction is lifted prospectively upon the filing of a proper registration.

妥当的登记申请才会提交审批。

此外,sanction 在英文合同中也常作“制裁”解。

例如:If Licensee is joined in such proceeding, Licensor shall indemnify and hold harmless Licensee from and against any claim, sanction, liability, damages, attorney's fees, judgments or orders of any kind arising out of such proceeding.

如果被许可方参加该诉讼,许可方则应保证赔偿许可方由该诉讼导致的任何索赔、制裁、债务、损害赔偿、律师费、判决或任何裁令并保证免除被许可方有关责任。

 

13Do sth. in its entirety

英文合同中 do sth. in its entirety 相当于基础英语中的 do sth. totally do sth. as a whole,表示完全彻底地做某事。

例如:The Aggregate Revolving Commitment (and the Revolving Commitment of each Bank) shall terminate in its entirety on April 15, 1998 unless the Closing Date shall have occurred on or prior to such date.联合周转协议(及各银行的周转协议)应在 1998 4 15 日完全终止,除非结算发生在当天或先于该日期。

 

14encumbrance, mortgage, charge, pledge, security, lien, security

mortgage 相当于我国法律的抵押;pledge 相当于质押,lien 相当于留置,security 相当于担保,保证;encumbrance: A liability or claim which burdens property, e.g., a lease, mortgage, easement, restrictive covenant, rentcharge…(Dictionary of Law, 6th edition, L.B.Curzon)指在财产上设定的债务或债权,如:租赁、抵押、地役、限制性契约,收租。试译为他物权。

 

charge: 4. An encumbrance, e.g., on land, which secures payments for money(Idem) 一种担保物权,

如:土地上设定的用于付款的担保,保证。

 

例如:Seller warrants that the goods are now free, and that at the time of delivery shall be free from any

security interest or other lien or encumbrance.

卖方保证货物现无约束,交付时应没有设定担保物权、其他留置权或债权。

例如:During the joint venture term of the Joint Venture Company, Without Party Bs written consent, Party A shall not create any option, right to acquire, mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, or any other form of security or encumbrance on, over, or affecting the whole or any part of its equity interest in the Joint Venture Company.

本合资公司合营期间,未经乙方书面同意,甲方不得对本合资公司所有或部分股权设定期权、购并权、抵押权、保证、抵押权、留置权、或其他任何形式的担保或债权,或因以上设定影响本合资公司的所有或部分股权。

 

15Pertinent, relevant

这两个词都是作为形容词“有关的,相关的”含义,出现在英文合同中,pertinent 似乎较relevant更为正式。

 

例如:All activities of the Cooperative venture company shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.

合作经营企业的一切活动均应受中华人民共和国的法律、法令及有关规定和规章约制。

再如:In accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and other relevant Chinese laws and regulations, ABC Company and XYZ Company, in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultations, agree to jointly set up a Cooperative venture in Beijing, the People's Republic of China.根据中华人民共和国中外合作企业法及有关法律法规,ABC 公司与 XYZ 公司,本着平等互利的原则,经过友好协商,同意共同在中华人民共和国北京设立合作企业。

 

16Seek recourse to, resort to 在英文合同中都表示“求助于,诉诸于”的含义。

 

例如:The arbitration shall take place in Beijing and the decision of the Arbitration Commission shall be final and binding upon both parties; neither party shall seek recourse to a law court or other authorities to appeal for revision of the decision. Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party. 仲裁应在北京进行。仲裁委员会的裁定应为终局性,对双方均有约束力。任一方不得诉诸于法院或其他机构上诉寻求修正该裁定。仲裁费应由败诉方承担。又如:The exercise of a remedy does not waive the right of either party to resort to arbitration or reference.

任一方行使补救权利不放弃其诉诸仲裁或仲裁程序的权利。

 

第三节 英语合同的常用句型 (Sentence Patterns)

一、in the event that(短语为 in the event of), in case(短语为 in case of), providing(that), provided(that), on the conditions that, if(if and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as), should, suppose/supposingthat

在英文合同中,以上这些词常用来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形,至于基础英语中常用的“as long as”在英文合同非常鲜见。

 

如:In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit (or Letter of Guarantee) the Owner shall arrange for such Letter to be amended accordingly as soon as possible after any such changes.如果在信用证(或保函)开出后,合同总价或合同其他条款发生变化,业主应尽快安排对信用证(或保函)进行相应的修改。

 

如:In case part of or all know-how of the above-mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping secret and confidential the part already published.如上述专有技术的一部分或全部已由第三方公布,而甲方也掌握了已公布的证据,则甲方不再承担保密义务。

 

如:15% of the above contract price, e.g. US$21000 shall be paid by Party A to Party B by M/T within 30 days after Party A has received from Party B the following technical documentations and documents and providing that they are in conformity with the contract:   甲方从乙方处收到以下技术资料和文件后 30天内应信汇乙方上述合同总价的百分之十五,也就是两万一千美元,但该技术资料和文件应符合本合同要求。

 

如:Either party may at anytime replace the chairman, deputy chairman or director(s) it has appointed, provided that it gives written notice to the Joint Venture Company and the other party.任何一方可随时更换自己委派的董事长、副董事长或董事,但必须书面通知合资公司和合资的另一方。需要注意的是,provided that 通常语气上有转折的含义,不宜翻译为“假如,如果”,译为“但是”,则译文过渡自然,符合汉语表达的规范。

 

Should the seller make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clause18 to this contract, the Buyer shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Seller agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under

negotiation.如果卖方并非因本合同第 18 条规定的不可抗力事件而未按合同规定的期限交货,那么,只要卖方同意支付罚金,并由付款行从议付款中扣除,买方便同意卖方延期交货。

 

句中出现两处条件从句,should 引导的从句属于非真实条件句,即虚拟语气,表示该条件发生的可能性很小,也就是说是当事人不希望出现的不利情况。而 on condition that 引导的条件从句,往往表示只要某情况出现,就如何如何。

 

Notwithstanding the completion of the sale and purchase of the __ ordinary shares in the Company, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall remain in full force and effect as between the parties hereto in so far as the same are not fulfilled.即使买卖公司*股普通股已经结束,只要该行为尚未履行完毕,本协议条款对双方仍然完全有效。

 

In all cases where Licensee desires artwork involving articles which are the subject of this license to be executed, the cost of such artwork and the time for the production thereof shall be borne by Licensee. 如果被许可方需要的工艺品涉及本许可将履行的标的,则该工艺品的费用和生产该工艺品的时耗应由被许可方承担。

 

As an example, suppose that Stamps.com has a partnership agreement with a company called "Internet Marketing". In this example, "Partner Name" would be "Internet Marketing".

试举一例,如果 Stamp.com 公司与一家名叫 Internet Marketing 的公司有一合伙协议。本例中,该“合伙名称就是“Internet Marketing”。

 

If and whenever the attorney at law designated by Party B comes to work with Party A, Party A shall offer all sufficient and necessary facilities, arrange the said legal counsel with an office, appoint a company officer to assist legal counsel with his function, provide relevant information and writ and print legal draft for such legal counsel.

乙方律师到甲方工作时,甲方应充分给予安排,安排法律顾问办公场所,选派干部协助律师工作,提供有关情况,缮写打印稿件等。

 

相关链接:in no case, in no event, in the case ofin any case

in no case in no event 表示“决不”即无论怎样都不行。

例如:Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer.船龄超过 20 年的买方概不接受。

 

In the case of 就什么来说,关于,in any case 无论如何

例如:In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.关于危险或有毒货物,卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

 

二、Sth. is (shall remain) the property of sb., the title of sth. shall be vested in sb.

英语合同表示“某物所有权属于某人”时,常用到这两个句型。如果用 the ownership of sth. Belongs to sb.,或者 sb owns/possesses sth.就不够正式,而且 possess 只指目前属于某人,并不能说明获得的来源,而 own 只表示“对。。。。。的合法占有”。

 

如:Any drawings or technical documents interested for use in the Construction of the Plant or of part thereof and submitted to the Seller by the Buyer prior or subsequent to formation of the Contract remain the exclusive property of the Buyer.本合同订立前后由买方送交卖方用于建筑设备或其部分设备的图纸或技术资料仍为买方的专有财产。

 

又如:Licensee hereby agrees that at the termination or expiration of this agreement Licensee will be deemed to have assigned, transferred and conveyed to Licensor any rights, equities, good will, titles or other rights in and to the Name which may have been obtained by Licensee or which may have vested in Licensee in pursuance of any endeavors covered hereby, and that Licensee will execute any instruments requested by Licensor to accomplish   or   confirm the foregoing.

被许可方特此同意本协议终止或届满时,被许可方视为转让许可方被许可方以和对该名义可能已获得或经努力已所有的任何权利、权益、商誉、所有权或其他权利,并且被许可方应在许可方的要求下签署完成或确认上述内容的任何文件。

 

三、It is + p. ppast participle 过去分词)  + that clause

英文合同在使用被动语态时,有一些常见的特殊句型:

 

It is agreed that clause

 

如:It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity of weight issued by the manufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit. 双方同意制造厂出具的质量、数量或重量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。

 

It is expressly agreed that Lessee will not, without obtaining prior written permission of Lessor, assert on its behalf, or on behalf of Lessor, any immunity from taxation based on the tax-exempt status, if any, of the Lessor.双方明确同意承租人未经出租人事先书面同意,不得自行或代表出租人基于出租人的免税身份主张免税。(如果出租人有该身份)

 

It is understood that clause

 

又如:It is strictly understood that the Sellers can not be held responsible for non-delivery of delayed delivery of the goods ordered if the situation is caused by Force Majeure, such as war, rebellion, fire, strike,new levies imposed by government, mistakes in telegrams, inability of, or refusal by the manufacturers to

fulfill this Contract or any other causes beyond Sellers control.严格明确卖方对于自己无法控制的不可抗力,如战争、叛乱、火灾、火灾、罢工、政府新征税、电报错误、生产厂商无能力或拒绝按合同生产致使已定货物不能发货或迟延发货概不负责。

 

It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and/or Post Office are liable.    双方明确卖方概不承担属保险公司、装运公司或其他运输机构、邮局责任范围内原因所造成已装运货物的瑕疵责任。

 

It is stressed that clause

再如:It is essentially stressed that the Buyers are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt. In the event of failure to do this, the Sellers reserve the right to cancel the Contract.必须强调:买方应于收到本合同之日起3天内签字并退还合同的副本,如买方不这样做,卖方保留取消合同的权利。

 

四、Saving Clause

 

在英文合同中 Saving Clause(除外条款, 但书条款)通常有 Save that 句型和 Save as 句型,表示“。。。。。。者例外”。

例如:The provisions of Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 12 of the US Plan apply mutatis mutandis to the UK Scheme, save that if an amendment is made to the UK Scheme or to the terms of an Approved Stock Option at a time when the UK Scheme is approved by the Inland Revenue under Schedule 9, the approval will not thereafter have effect unless the Inland Revenue have approved the alteration or addition.应用于英方方案的美方规划的第 6 节和第 12 节的规定的已作必要的修正,除非对英方方案或已批准股票期权条款的修改时值根据附件 9 英方方案已获批准,此后该批准不得生效,除非内税局已批准该改变或增补。

 

 

再如:Save as expressly provided herein, this Agreement may be amended or terminated, and any of the terms hereof waived, only by a document in writing specifically referring to this Agreement and executed by the parties hereto or, in the case of a waiver, by the party waiving compliance.

除非本协议明确规定,本协议可作修改或终止,本协议任一条款可放弃,当仅当通过书面文件特别提及本协议并由本协议双方执行或一方通过弃权声明放弃遵守。

此外,也常见用 Proviso 表示限制条款或但书。

 

例如:5.6 Legal Proceedings; Injunctions. (a) The Seller, the Buyer and the Company shall use

commercially reasonable efforts (subject to the proviso in Section 5.6(b)) to cooperate with each other in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation with any other person which relates to the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder.

法律诉讼;禁止令(!)卖方、买方和本公司应竭尽全力(除本条第二款的但书规定外)互相配合处理涉及本合同履行与交付及本合同项下预期交易完成的与他方有关的索赔、诉讼、案件、诉讼程序、质询或调查。

 

例如:Tenant shall not be required to join in any proceedings referred to in the proviso at the end of 4.6 hereof unless the provisions of any law, rule or regulation at the time in effect shall require that such proceedings be brought by or in the name of Tenant, in which event Tenant shall join and cooperate in such proceedings or permit the same to be brought in its name, but shall not be liable for the payment of any costs or expenses in connection with any such proceedings, and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for, and indemnify and hold Tenant harmless from and against, any and all costs or expenses which Tenant may reasonably pay, sustain or incur in connection with any such proceedings.

承租人不得被应要求参加本合同第四条第六款最后但书/限制性条款提及的任何诉讼,除非当时生效的法律法规要求该诉讼应以由承租人或以承租人名义提起,此种情况下,承租人应参加配合该诉讼或允许该诉讼以其名义提起,但概不承担任何与该诉讼有关的任何费用和花费,业主应偿还并保证赔偿承租人合理支付的因该诉讼产生或遭受的全部费用和花费且确保承租人免于以上责任。

 

五、as 句型

 

六、Upon sth ……

 

英文合同中表达一经。。。。。,就。。。。。。含义时,不用基础英语中的 as soon as, 而用 Upon sth., ……表达。

 

例如:Upon expiration of such term of contract, the contract shall automatically become void and null.合同一经届满则自动失效。

 

 

再如:Upon substantial completion of the infrastructure project, C may request to New Company or its representative that the infrastructure project has successfully completed its testing and that accordingly the Completion Date has occurred.

基础设施工程一经实质完成,丙方就可向新公司或其代表要求该工程业已顺利完成测试,因而竣工日期成就。

 

七、Unless otherwise except(as) otherwise  

 

英文合同中表示“除非另有规定”时,常常用到这两个句型,在句中的位置非常灵活,句首,句末或者句中都能看到他们的身影。后接 stipulate, provide, require, state, specify 等动词或其过去分词。

 

例如:On the Transfer Date New Company shall transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance created by New Company and without the payment of any compensation, all its right, title to and interest in the infrastructure project, unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement.

新公司应在转让日转让给乙方,概不承担新公司设定的质押或担保并概不支付基础设施工程中的赔偿、全部权利、所有权和权益,除非本协议另有规定或补充协议。

 

 

又如:The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing Party except otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Institute.仲裁费由败诉方承担,除非仲裁机构另有裁决。

 

再如:Except as otherwise provided herein, all import permits and licenses and the import duties, customs fees and all taxes levied by any government authority other than the Seller's country shall be the sole responsibility of the Buyer.

除非本协议另有规定,所有进口许可证照和政府机关(不是卖方国家)征收的进口关税和所有税费均应由买方独自承担责任。

 

八、use all reasonable endeavors (efforts) to do sth., make full endeavors (efforts) to do sth.exert

ones effort(s) to do sth./ exert oneself to do sth. 英文合同中表示“尽力做某事”时,常常用到这几个句型,而不用基础英语中 try ones best to do sth.等句型。

 

例如:Except as contemplated by this Agreement, from the date hereof through the Closing Date, Mattel shall cause each TLC Subsidiary to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in the ordinary course in all material respects, and shall use commercially reasonable endeavors to preserve intact its business relationships, keep available the service of its employees and maintain satisfactory relationships with its suppliers and customers.

 

除非本协议预期,从本协议日期到成交日,Mattel 公司应促使 TLC 子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面按通常程序进行交易。并应尽力来保持其商业关系完整,可获得其员工的服务并与供应商和客户维持良好的关系。

 

又如:However, both parties shall make efforts to get the ratification within 60 (sixty) days.

然而,双方应努力在 60 天内获得批准。

 

再如:Each of Quotesmith and IIS agrees to exert its commercially reasonable efforts so that IIS can begin providing instant quotes on QIM in as short a time as the capabilities and technologies of each party will allow.  每一 Quotesmith IIS 的人员同意尽其全力使得 IIS 在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向 QIM 公司提供即时报价。

 

还如:Promptly following the Effective Time, the shareholders of Tunes who are employed by JAMtv or Merger Sub shall exert their best efforts to cause all employees of Tunes and Merger Sub to execute in favor of Merger Sub proprietary rights agreements substantially similar to JAMtv's existing employee proprietary rights agreement.

生效时间后,被 JAMtv 公司或 Merge Sub 公司所聘的 Tunes 公司股东应立即竭尽全力促使 Tunes公司和的所有员工执行 Merge Sub 公司控股权协议,该协议实质上与 JAMtv 公司现有的员工控股权协议类似。



 
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